Chapter 14: The Worlds of North & South 1820-1860
Unit Theme: Expansion
During the period from 1820 to 1860, from the Missouri Compromise to the eve of the Civil War, the United States grew in several ways. The most dramatic was in territorial expansion. By 1860, the United States stretched from sea to sea, from the Atlantic in the east, to the Pacific in the west. Added to the United States were California and Oregon in the west, and territories such as New Mexico and Arizona in the southwest. The area between the Mississippi River and California was also filling in with Americans determined to carve out a future on the Great Plains. Along with this growth in territory came an expansion of industrial might. By 1860, the United States, led by the northern urban centers, was among the industrial powers of the world, poised to become the world’s economic powerhouse after the Civil War.
During the period from 1820 to 1860, from the Missouri Compromise to the eve of the Civil War, the United States grew in several ways. The most dramatic was in territorial expansion. By 1860, the United States stretched from sea to sea, from the Atlantic in the east, to the Pacific in the west. Added to the United States were California and Oregon in the west, and territories such as New Mexico and Arizona in the southwest. The area between the Mississippi River and California was also filling in with Americans determined to carve out a future on the Great Plains. Along with this growth in territory came an expansion of industrial might. By 1860, the United States, led by the northern urban centers, was among the industrial powers of the world, poised to become the world’s economic powerhouse after the Civil War.
The Worlds of North and South
King Cotton Cartoon
Essential Questions
Was the Cotton Kingdom doomed to fail?
How did differences between the North and South push the nation toward civil war?
Chapter Overview:
As the 1800s progressed and the country grew, the regions began to look differently – almost like separate worlds. The North, always more mercantile and commercial, developed an economy based around industry. The need for workers in the North saw most immigrants migrate to the North – as a result, the population began to outstrip the South. The South, not only remained largely an agrarian society, but also developed a social order dominated by slavery and the large planters who benefited from it. Only 8% owned 5 or more slaves, and 50% of Whites owned no slaves. However, slavery became an essential and basic component of Southern culture. So much so, that by the 1830s, it was no longer considered a necessary evil that would eventually whither away, it was now seen as a “positive good.” The North increasing came to oppose this viewpoint and hostility over the expansion of slavery would divide the nation through the 1840s and 50s.
Was the Cotton Kingdom doomed to fail?
How did differences between the North and South push the nation toward civil war?
Chapter Overview:
As the 1800s progressed and the country grew, the regions began to look differently – almost like separate worlds. The North, always more mercantile and commercial, developed an economy based around industry. The need for workers in the North saw most immigrants migrate to the North – as a result, the population began to outstrip the South. The South, not only remained largely an agrarian society, but also developed a social order dominated by slavery and the large planters who benefited from it. Only 8% owned 5 or more slaves, and 50% of Whites owned no slaves. However, slavery became an essential and basic component of Southern culture. So much so, that by the 1830s, it was no longer considered a necessary evil that would eventually whither away, it was now seen as a “positive good.” The North increasing came to oppose this viewpoint and hostility over the expansion of slavery would divide the nation through the 1840s and 50s.
Sections:
1) Industry in the North (p. 374-377) 2) Life in the North (p. 378-382) 3) Cotton Kingdom in the South (p. 383-387) 4) Life in the South (p. 388-393) Resources: Chapter Self-Test Study Guide 2019 - general classes Study Guide 2019 - enriched class |
Section Reviews:
1) Industry in the North 2) Life in the North 3) Cotton Kingdom in the South 4) Life in the South These reviews are often given in class and are open-ended and T/F questions that you should definitely learn. They cover some of the most important points of the section and are often the basis of matching and T/F questions on quizzes and tests. |
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